Signalling structure in hypertext: support for the non-native reader Background I Text and the non-native reader Models of reading The non-native reader Structures of text Structures of knowledge II Hypertext NN reader support Strategies for NN reader support Training in text patterns/cues Training in knowledge structures Signalling structure in documents Examples of signal design A writing structure curriculum Extension Sources App. 1 An unfolding signal curriculum   Lawrie Hunter Kochi University of Technology lawrie@info.kochi-tech.ac.jp

Appendix 1. A structure signal strand in a college EFL curriculum   A. Writing tasks which increase student awareness of structure and its signals 1. My Past, Present and Future (HyperCard stack): -student task: create a document -navigation with structure signals only on Directory card (signals are section names) 2. My Hometown (HyperCard stack): -navigation menu in background -navigation order linear (links show text structure only) 3. Sequence stack: -background menu has the same text and knowledge structure 4. Group research: -background menu uses Hunter's semantic mapping symbols*   B. Oral group tasks using structure symbol graphics to increase student awareness of structure signals 1. Listening comprehension tasks involving placement of words or phrases in a structure symbol diagram. 2. Student oral presentations using visual incorporating structure symbols.   C. Increasing awareness of structure signals through semantic mapping tasks using a supplied set of structure symbols* 1. Mapping single sentences 2. Mapping sets of sentences (one or two paragraphs) -discovering that structure signal words help (e.g. cooking) 3. Mapping found text (short articles) -discovering that professional text often has few structure signals -discovering that not all sentences are central to topic (background information) 4. Mapping with limitation on number of nodes -selecting key information bits is easier after mapping